With more than 200 recognized dog breeds, it’s easy to see the same familiar faces—Golden Retrievers, Labradors, French Bulldogs—while countless others remain hidden in the shadows.
Among them are some of the rarest large dog breeds, remarkable canines with fascinating histories and unique traits that too often go overlooked. Without dedicated enthusiasts, many of these breeds might not even be recognized today.
These rare dogs are not just curiosities; they bring with them centuries of heritage, purpose, and loyalty. Some once thrived in specific regions or cultures, bred to guard estates, herd flocks, or serve noble families.
Others became scarce over time due to changing lifestyles and declining demand. Despite their rarity, they are still affectionate, intelligent, and capable of becoming devoted companions—if only given the chance.
In this guide, we’ll spotlight the rarest large dog breeds in need of homes, sharing what makes them extraordinary and why adopting one of these overlooked giants could be the beginning of a truly special bond.
Rarest Large Dog Breeds In Need of Homes
1. Otterhound
The Otterhound, sometimes referred to as the water-loving hound, is a rare breed with deep roots in medieval England. Originally bred for otter hunting, it stands out with its shaggy double coat, webbed feet, and incredible nose. Unlike other scenthounds, this hardy breed was designed to track quarry both on land and in water.
Large and boisterous, Otterhounds are naturally social, often described as friendly and clownish. Their unique blend of energy and gentleness makes them excellent companions for active families. Sadly, with fewer than 1,000 left worldwide, they are now considered one of the rarest hounds in existence.
AKC says their large black nose is extremely sensitive, capable of tracking an otter’s underwater scent trail across long distances. Their size and strength also allowed them to confront otters weighing up to 20 pounds, armed with sharp teeth and claws.
Their loyalty is another trait that makes them such remarkable dogs in need of homes. Otterhounds are pack animals at heart, thriving on human interaction and bonding easily with other dogs. This ability to form strong connections with their families highlights their dependable nature.
As affectionate guardians, they are deeply devoted to those they love, often following their owners closely and displaying strong bonds built on companionship. They may be stubborn when training, but patience reveals their true loyalty and playful spirit.
Despite their rarity, the Otterhound’s warmth, devotion, and boisterous charm make them loyal dogs for life.
A fascinating fact: British monarchs once kept packs of Otterhounds for over 400 years, a testament to their skill and enduring appeal.
2. Caucasian Shepherd
The Caucasian Shepherd, also known as the Caucasian Ovcharka or Russian Bear Dog, is a massive working dog that hails from the rugged Caucasus region of Europe and Asia. Built with a muscular frame and draped in a thick double coat, these dogs were bred for centuries to guard flocks and protect homes against predators as fearsome as wolves.
This intelligent dog is not a breed for novice owners. PetMD says the Caucasian Shepherd’s background as a guardian and its naturally independent nature make it an attentive working dog. However, for the same reasons, it may not be the best choice for a first-time pet parent.
Their natural independence and bold temperament demand experienced handling and a household with ample space. While they are affectionate and deeply loyal to their family, they remain suspicious of strangers, making them excellent but serious guardians.
For families considering adoption, these rare dogs thrive in cooler climates and require large, fenced spaces to roam freely. Their protective instincts mean they do best in stable environments rather than homes with frequent visitors. When properly socialized, however, they can bond strongly with children and other family pets.
What makes the Caucasian Shepherd a loyal partner is their unwavering devotion to their household. Once bonded, they will put themselves between their loved ones and any perceived danger without hesitation. This vigilance, paired with their intelligence, creates a companion that is as dependable as they are imposing.
Interesting fact: In 2025, a Caucasian Shepherd named Okami sold for a staggering $5.7 million, earning headlines as one of the most expensive dogs in the world.
3. Bergamasco Sheepdog
The Bergamasco Sheepdog, also known as the Cane da Pastore Bergamasco, is an ancient herding breed from the Italian Alps. Its most striking feature is its coat, composed of three different hair types that weave into felt-like mats called flocks. This unique protection was vital for survival in the cold, rugged mountains where the breed worked for centuries.
Despite its unusual appearance, the Bergamasco is not just a “show dog.” These even-tempered and calm dogs are intelligent, strong, and independent, qualities shaped by generations of guarding and herding livestock. They form close bonds with their human families and thrive in households that can provide time, companionship, and moderate daily exercise.
When it comes to loyalty, the Bergamasco is exceptional. They are protective without being aggressive, making them devoted guardians of both people and property. Their tendency to see their humans as equal partners rather than subordinates strengthens this connection, though it also means they need consistent, positive training.
These herding dogs are sensitive and prone to separation anxiety, which underscores how deeply they attach themselves to their owners. Leaving them isolated for long periods does not suit their temperament. Instead, they shine in homes where mutual activities—whether walks, hikes, or training sessions—are part of daily life.
An interesting fact: Although their flocked coat may appear high-maintenance, it only requires a one-time “ripping” process at around one year of age. After that, Bergamascos shed minimally, making them surprisingly low-maintenance compared to many other breeds.
4. Azawakh
The Azawakh, also known as the Tuareg Sloughi, is a rare West African sighthound originating from Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. With its long legs, narrow frame, and graceful stride, this breed carries an unmistakable elegance.
Its fine coat comes in a wide range of shades, from fawn and red to brindle and white, often marked with striking patterns. Purina says the Azawakh is cautious and aloof with strangers, and as a guard dog, its job is to stay alert and bark to signal what’s happening around it.
Despite its refined look, the Azawakh was bred as a desert hunter and guardian, accompanying nomadic tribes for centuries. Known among Tuareg people as the “sighthound of the free,” it was cherished for its ability to chase gazelles across scorching Sahara sands. This heritage makes the breed resilient, fast, and deeply loyal to those it trusts.
When placed in a home, the Azawakh forms powerful bonds with its family. Its loyalty is not loud or demonstrative, but protective and steadfast. These dogs are known to be reserved with strangers, often standing guard until they feel reassured, reflecting their guardian instincts.
The breed thrives when given a sense of belonging. Owners who understand its independent yet affectionate nature will discover a companion that is deeply devoted. Its quiet watchfulness and willingness to protect make it an excellent partner for those seeking a loyal guardian.
Fun fact: The Azawakh can reach running speeds of up to 40 miles per hour, a testament to its sighthound lineage and desert endurance.
5. American Foxhound
Also known as the All-American Hound, the American Foxhound is a tall, lean, and athletic dog with long legs, soft eyes, and a tricolor coat of black, tan, and white. It’s often mistaken for a larger Beagle but carries its own unique charm and history.
Developed in the United States from English and French hounds, this rare breed became a favorite of early American hunters. With its melodic baying voice, the American Foxhound was once prized for its ability to track foxes across vast terrain for hours without tiring.
Today, their scarcity has made them a breed in need of homes, particularly because their high energy can overwhelm inexperienced owners. They thrive in wide-open spaces, making them less suited to apartments or sedentary lifestyles.
Their loyalty shines in family settings, as they are patient with children and bond deeply with those who understand their active nature. This makes them both affectionate companions and reliable partners for those who can meet their needs.
Fun Fact: Despite being one of the oldest dog breeds developed in the U.S., the American Foxhound remains one of the least registered breeds with the AKC, adding to its rarity.
6. Boerboel
Also known as the South African Mastiff, the Boerboel is a powerful guardian breed with a muscular frame, blocky head, and a short, sleek coat.
Its origins trace back to South Africa, where it was historically bred as a versatile farm dog capable of withstanding harsh environments and protecting homesteads. Despite its imposing presence, the Boerboel can be a deeply affectionate and loyal companion within the family.
Historically, this breed played a crucial role in safeguarding livestock and property against formidable predators, even lions. That background forged a dog with both resilience and courage, qualities that remain strong today. Because of its sheer size and protective nature, the Boerboel requires experienced owners who can provide structured training and consistent leadership.
Unfortunately, its rarity outside of Africa and reputation as a “difficult” breed have contributed to many Boerboels ending up in rescue organizations. These large dogs, often misunderstood, can struggle to find permanent homes where their needs are fully appreciated. They thrive best with space, a job to do, and guardians who respect their working instincts.
Boerboels also highlight a bigger issue in adoption: giant breeds often require more food, veterinary care, and exercise than smaller dogs, which can deter potential adopters. Yet, when given proper attention, they return unwavering devotion and a strong sense of protection.
For anyone able to meet their needs, Boerboels are both loyal companions and steadfast guardians.
Fun fact: don’t be surprised if a Boerboel puppy seems to sleep excessively—this is completely normal and part of their healthy growth cycle.
7. Scottish Deerhound
Often called the “Royal Dog of Scotland,” the Scottish Deerhound has also been known by names such as Scotch Greyhound, Rough Greyhound, and Highland Deerhound. Closely related to the Irish Wolfhound, this breed stands tall and elegant, with a wiry coat built for the rugged Scottish Highlands. Its ancestry traces back to medieval times, when it was reserved exclusively for nobility.
Specifically bred to hunt red deer, these rare dog breeds were unmatched in speed and stamina, chasing prey across challenging terrain.
Their role shifted over the centuries, especially with the invention of firearms, and their population dwindled so severely that by the 1800s, they nearly faced extinction. A revival effort by dedicated breeders, including the McNeill brothers, preserved the line for future generations.
Today, Scottish Deerhounds are considered rare and are often overlooked in favor of more popular large breeds. Their gentle nature makes them excellent companions, but their size and exercise needs mean they are best suited for spacious homes with active families.
Because of their rarity, they are not commonly found in shelters, yet breed-specific rescues occasionally have Deerhounds in need of homes. Adopters should be aware that this breed thrives on companionship and space to run, making them ideal for those with large properties.
Despite their majestic presence, Scottish Deerhounds remain fragile in numbers. They require thoughtful care to ensure their well-being.
Fun fact: At one point in history, only individuals ranking as earls or higher were legally permitted to own a Deerhound.
Conclusion
Rare and lesser-known breeds remind us of just how diverse the dog world can be. While many people gravitate toward familiar names, there are striking breed options—like the Catahoula Leopard Dog, a large hunting breed originating in Louisiana, famous for its foxlike appearance and vocal nature—that deserve attention too.
These dogs, though rare, have exceptional hunting abilities and histories tied deeply to their regions of origin. For pet parents seeking something beyond the ordinary, these breeds bring not just beauty but also purpose and companionship.
Adopting one of these rarer dogs requires commitment. They often need ample physical exercise, room to roam, and sometimes even interaction with farm animals to thrive. With lifespans stretching over a decade, they become long-term partners for dedicated owners. Whether adopting through rescues or finding a reputable breeder, giving a home to these dogs helps preserve their heritage while also creating bonds with breeds that too often go overlooked.
